几种中药材对赤拟谷盗的致死作用及其趋避性研究

用中药材丁香、细辛、陈皮、吴茱萸、花椒、千年健对仓虫赤拟谷盗成虫的致死作用和趋避作用进行了研究。结果表明:6种中药材对赤拟谷盗成虫的致死效果为丁香>细辛>陈皮>吴茱萸>花椒>千年健。当丁香与其他5种药材一起同贮或分别贮存时,丁香里始终不见赤拟谷盗,在千年健里赤拟谷盗分布较多,而在其他几种药材中分布明显减少。各种中药材对拟谷盗的驱虫作用有明显差异。     

Quick knockdown results in high mortality: is this theory correct? A case study with phosphine and the red flour beetle

BACKGROUND

The fumigant phosphine is used all over the world for disinfestation of stored grains and commodities. Adults of 23 different populations of Tribolium castaneum from 10 different countries were evaluated for phosphine resistance using a modification of the Detia Degesch Phosphine Tolerance Test Kit (DDPTTK). Adults were exposed to 3000 ppm and recorded for 5–270 min for their mobility.

RESULTS

Among the tested populations, high levels of phosphine resistance were recorded in populations from Brazil, Serbia, and Spain. No survivals were recorded after 7 days post exposure for eight of 23 in a tested population.

CONCLUSIONS

Our work revealed four scenarios: 1, quick knockdown–low (or no) recovery; 2, Slow knockdown–high recovery; 3, Quick knockdown–high recovery; and 4, Slow knockdown–low recovery. Our data indicate that post exposure period is critical for the evaluation and characterization of phosphine resistance. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

电子束处理对杂拟谷盗的辐照效应

利用不同剂量的电子束对杂拟谷盗幼虫、成虫进行辐照处理,研究其辐照效应.结果表明:杂拟谷盗幼虫对电子束辐照的敏感性高于成虫.幼虫经250 Gy剂量辐照后,可以完全阻止其发育为成虫,在14 d内全部死亡;成虫经250 Gy剂量辐照后,则需42 d才能全部死亡,而且不能产生下一代成虫.250Gy的剂量可以作为电子束辐照防治杂...     

Laboratory evaluation of diatomaceous earth deposits mined from several locations in central and southeastern Europe as potential protectants against coleopteran grain pests

Diatomaceous earth (DE) deposits from regions of central and southeastern Europe were evaluated for their insecticidal efficacy against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in comparison with the commercially available DE formulation SilicoSec. The effects of temperature, RH, grain commodity (wheat, barley, maize, rice), application method (spraying vs. dusting) were evaluated. FYROM, a DE from the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, was the most effective of the DE deposits for grain treatment, whereas the least effective was from Greece (named Crete). However, for surface treatment, Slovenia was the most effective followed by Elassona 1 and Begora. Increase of temperature increased DE efficacy, while the reverse was noted with the increase of RH. Furthermore, the DEs were more effective in barley or wheat than in maize or rice. Neither the mined DEs nor SilicoSec were able to suppress progeny production of the tested species after previous exposure on the treated commodities. Generally, dust application of DEs was more efficacious than spraying against S. oryzae and T. confusum. However, spraying of wheat significantly reduced the bulk density (test weight) compared to dusting. For surface treatment, after 1 d of exposure, Slovenia was the most effective of the mined DEs followed by Elassona 1 and Begora, whereas after 6 d of exposure the mortality was almost complete (>99%) with all three DEs. More than 6 d of exposure were required for an effective control of T. confusum adults with the remainder of the mined DEs.     

Persistence and efficacy of two diatomaceous earth formulations and a mixture of diatomaceous earth with natural pyrethrum against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on wheat and maize

Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the insecticidal and residual effects of three diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Insecto, PyriSec and SilicoSec, against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on wheat and maize. Quantities of wheat and maize were treated with the above formulations at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg(-1) and stored at 25 degrees C and 55% relative humidity (RH). Samples were taken on the day of storage and every 30 days until completion of a 360 day period of storage. Adults of T. confusum were exposed to these samples at 25 degrees C and 55% RH and the mortality was measured after 24 and 48 h and 7 and 14 days of exposure. Adult mortality was higher on wheat than on maize. At the beginning of the storage period, mortalities after 14 day exposure on maize treated with the highest rate were 60, 63 and 81% for Insecto, PyriSec and SilicoSec respectively, while on wheat the mortality was 100% for all DEs. On the same commodities 360 days after treatment the respective mortality figures for wheat were 99, 98 and 100%, while in the case of maize they did not exceed 7%. Generally, mortality at exposures < or =48 h decreased with increasing storage time. Furthermore, although mortality on wheat increased with dose, the increase in DE dose from 1000 to 1500 mg kg(-1) resulted in only a small increase in mortality. Thus a DE treatment of 1000 mg kg(-1) was shown to provide long-term protection of wheat against T. confusum, although higher DE application rates and exposure intervals are needed for a satisfactory level of protection of maize against this pest.     

低氧条件下赤拟谷盗成虫呼吸速率研究

研究了在30℃,不同氧浓度条件下赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum成虫的呼吸速率.在30℃条件下将试虫置于氧气浓度分别为21%、15%、10%、5%、3%、2%和1%的环境中,用SKW-3型微量呼吸检压仪测定呼吸速率.测定结果表明:赤拟谷盗成虫在上述一系列氧浓度下的耗氧量分别为2.54±0.03、2.44±0.05、2.41±0.10、2.23±0.05、1.99±0.03、1.85±0.06和0.97±0.02 μL/insect·h;随着氧浓度的降低,试虫的呼吸速率逐渐降低,可见低氧对赤拟谷盗成虫的呼吸速率影响与害虫的致死机理有关.     

茵陈蒿的三种不同溶剂提取物对赤拟谷盗作用方式和作用效果的研究

用茵陈蒿三种不同溶剂(丙酮、乙醇和乙酸乙酯)提取物对赤拟谷盗进行生物活性测定，结果表明，茵陈蒿乙醇提取物对试虫的触杀作用和驱避作用较好，其5倍液在处理后72小时，对赤拟谷盗成虫校正死亡率和驱避率分别为57．8％和91．6％。     

Composition and toxic, repellent and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against the stored-grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

BACKGROUND: The composition and bioactivity of essential oils from Tagetes terniflora Kunth, Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. and Elyonurus muticus (Spreng) Kuntz were evaluated against stored‐grain pests. RESULTS: Fumigant and contact toxicities were observed with T. terniflora on adults of both pests. In contact toxicity, this oil was less toxic to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus showed contact toxicity on S. oryzae. All essential oils produced: (a) repellency on larvae and adults of T. castaneum and adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.); (b) post‐ingestive toxicity on T. castaneum larvae and S. oryzae adults and alteration of nutritional index on T. castaneum and S. oryzae adults. Cymbopogon citratus reduced the relative growth rate and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food in T. castaneum larvae. Tagetes terniflora produced a feeding stimulant effect in T. castaneum adults. In addition, they had a feeding deterrent action against S. oryzae adults. The composition of essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus varied only in one component. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the essential oils from T. terniflora, C. citratus and E. muticus should be studied further for their use in integrated pest management programmes for T. castaneum and S. oryzae control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa protoxin and protease inhibitors against coleopteran storage pests

BACKGROUND: Environmental impacts and resistance to insecticides pose serious challenges to stored‐product insect and other types of pest control. Insect‐resistant transgenic grain is a potential alternative to fumigants, but candidate control proteins are needed, especially for coleopterans. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a coleopteran‐active toxin, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa, with or without protease inhibitors, in laboratory feeding assays against coleopteran storage pests. RESULTS: In a comparison of the toxicity of Cry3Aa protoxin towards three species of coleopteran storage pests, Tenebrio molitor L. was found to be most sensitive, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) was most refractory and Rhyzopertha dominica F. displayed an intermediate response. For R. dominica, Cry3Aa combined with 3500 mg potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor or 5000 mg aprotinin kg^?1 diet resulted in both delayed development and increased mortality. Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor and bovine aprotinin reduced the LC₅₀ of Cry3Aa for R. dominica two‐ and threefold respectively. Cry3Aa treatment resulted in fewer progeny from R. dominica, and progeny was further reduced when the protoxin was combined with potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that a combination of Cry3Aa protoxin and protease inhibitors, particularly a potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor, may have applications in control strategies for preventing damage to stored products and grains by coleopteran pests. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.